sábado, 8 de outubro de 2011

Informação 16 – Desvendando as Cartas Aéreas – “Carta para voo visual (VFR) – WAC”


Outro tipo de carta muito usada principalmente no de curso Piloto Privado (PP), são as “cartas para voo visual – WAC”. Estas normalmente encontradas em uma escala de 1 X 1.000.000, mas podendo aparecer com escalas menores, facilitando a visualização dos obstáculos no globo terrestre.

E porque nos primeiros anos de instrução para Piloto Privado?
Pois neste curso a navegação ensinada é sempre baseada em pontos visíveis no solo, como: estradas, cidades, pontes, ferrovia e etc..

Abaixo identificamos alguns dos pontos visíveis nas WAC. Esta carta que utilizaremos é a WAC 3141 que pode ser encontrada no link: http://www.aisweb.aer.mil.br/index.cfm?i=cartas&filtro=2&nova=1&v=1#tabs-visuais, com parte do estado da Bahia, incluindo a capital Salvador e na escala, mais utilizada de 1 X 1.000.000, aonde 1cm da carta, corresponde a 10Km do real.

Clique na imagem para aumentar.


01 – Aeródromos: Feira de Santana (SNJD), Alagoinha (SNAQ), Salvador (SBSV) Aeroclube da Bahia (SNVR);
02 – Área restrita, neste caso o Polo Petroquímico de Camaçari na Bahia;
03 – Linhas de força da rede elétrica;
04 – Estradas;
05 – Maior altitude nesta quadrante, neste caso 1.600 pés ou 485 metros;
06 – Informação sobre pista dos aeródromos: SBSV 63 = Altitude da Pista; L = Iluminada; H = asfaltada; 30 = tamanho de 3.000 metros;
07 – Informação que existe radiofarol no aeródromo, neste caso Alagoinhas tem um NDB;
08 – Latitude, neste caso 12º Sul, pois estamos no hemisfério sul do planeta;
09 – Cidades. Dependendo do tamanho é representado de forma diferente.


Veja na imagem abaixo como utilizá-la.

Clique na imagem para aumentar.

Suponhamos um voo entre Hotel Transamérica (SBTC) e Itapetinga (SNPI). Primeiro traçamos uma linha entre os dois pontos e utilizando um “transferidor circular”, verificamos a proa verdadeira entre os dois pontos, que neste caso é de 277º no sentido SBTC até SNPI. Lembro que devemos posicionar o transferidor sobre uma das linhas de latitude (Norte para cima) ou de longitude (Leste e Oeste) e daí lemos a proa aonde a linha passa pelo intrumento.


Clique na imagem para aumentar.

Mas ao voarmos, a bússola do avião aponta para o “Norte Magnético” e não para o “Norte Verdadeiro” a que as WAC são baseadas. Para encontrar esta diferença somamos a declinação magnética (Circulo Vermelho) à proa verdadeira que achamos anteriormente e encontramos a tão procurada “Proa Magnética” que neste caso é o valor de 300º.
Veja que decolando de SBTC na direção de SNPI, passaremos por cima de dois rios que cruzam a nossa proa (300º) e a mais ou menos na metade do caminho, deveremos esta sobrevoando uma “linha de Energia Elétrica”, entre alguns morros. Pouco antes destas linhas, devemos avistar a cidade de Camacuan a nossa esquerda e cruzaremos outro rio antes da chegada a Itapetinga.
Além dos pontos em terra, podemos utilizar um relógio e sabendo a velocidade de cruzeiro do avião, calcular o tempo de voo até cada ponto a ser encontrado na carta. Chamamos a este tipo de navegação, de “Navegação Estimada”.

Bons vôos!

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